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Taking regular exercise and eating healthily can prolong your life and smoking cuts your life short, says Dr Trisha Macnair, author of The Long Life Equation. But there are many more things that can be done to improve life expectancy.

 

Have children at a later age

Being a young mother takes two years off your life. Late twenties is the best time to have children. The evolutionary destiny for a woman is to see your children through the initial raising of their own children. In many communities grandmothers tend to live a life which matches the average age of when their own children have children. They play an invaluable role in teaching their children how to look after their newborns. Once their role has gone, because the newborns are growing up, they lose importance.

 

Increase your social status

High social status adds four years to your life. If you have social status you’re more likely to have a higher level of happiness and a sense of control over your life. This sense of control brings health benefits. People who feel in control seem to be less vulnerable to diseases because they go for health screenings and take their health seriously. You can gain social status by volunteering and getting involved in your local community. It doesn’t cost you anything and everybody can do it.

 

Learn about your genetic destiny

It is vital that if people want to live longer they learn their genetic destiny. Good genes can add 10 years to your life. Bad genes can take 10 years off your life. It’s a combination of genetics and learning healthy habits from parents or grandparents. Look at how they’ve lived so long or if they had diseases and died early. Learn about whether there’s a genetic element. If there is, then you’ll be more vulnerable to it. We all follow our family’s footsteps so closely.

 

Take up yoga

Yoga adds five years to your life. It’s one way to deal effectively with stress, which we know is linked to a lot of diseases. Yoga really improves your balance and posture, so as you get older that’s a critical thing. Maintaining your muscle strength, balance and posture will keep you fit and active for longer.

 

Move to the countryside

Living in the city takes away three years from your life. There’s a lot more stress in terms of noise and traffic pollution, lack of green spaces and overcrowding. Living away from the city reduces stress and there is less environmental, noise and chemical pollution.

 

Get a room with a view

A room with a view adds two years to your life. If you don’t have a view you need to put up pictures, posters and interesting quotes to stimulate you. It is interesting how it makes a difference. If we feel we’re just some small office worker, closed in by a boring screen then we don’t feel valued. Whereas if we can look around ourselves, remind ourselves of the world and the opportunities and the excitement out there, that lifts our mood.

 

Think yourself young

One of the things I find overwhelming is how you can think yourself old. If in your total approach to life you feel old, then that’s 5 years less. Research shows that an attitude of ‘oh I’m old now’ results in a slight giving in to it and you don’t stay healthy in the same way.

 

Dr Trisha MacNair is the author of The Long Life Equation: 100 Factors that can add or subtract years from your life.

Imagine sacrificing months of your social life to revise as much as possible so you pass your crucial end of year exams. But what would you do if on the dreaded day the answers were attached to the exam paper? Would you take the easy way out and cheat? Or would you be honest, think of all the hard work you put in and return the answers?

Final-year business students at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen chose not to cheat and alerted invigilators when they were faced with the above situation. After this incident, students were given a different exam paper when they sat a rescheduled exam.

Many students admit to cheating in exams. The main reason for cheating seems to be a result of lack of revision. There is a divide between students at the London College of Communication. Some feel guilty about cheating, and therefore never cheat, and others do not think cheating is wrong.

“I’d have to tell someone if the answers were attached to the question paper. I’d feel too guilty and it wouldn’t be particularly satisfying knowing that you passed through cheating. Even if you probably knew all the answers anyway, you could still never be sure if it was down to your actual knowledge or the fact that you had the answers,” says one student at LCC.

Another student is willing to risk being thrown out of university: “If I knew I wasn’t going to get caught, I’d look at the answers quickly and then tell the invigilators.”

LCC does not tolerate cheating or plagiarism. So how do students manage to cheat without getting caught?

A student at a London university uses ultraviolet light. “I have a pen that writes with invisible ink, which I’ve used a few times. The writing shows up when you shine an ultraviolet light on it. I once wrote all over my jeans before an exam. The ultraviolet light was attached on a keyring, so I attached it to a pen and made it look like I was thinking and messing about with the pen and shone it on my legs so I could see the writing. It worked like a charm.”

However, invigilators know most of the cheating tricks, such as writing on your arm and wearing long sleeved top, sliding small pieces of paper into a clear pen shaft, and of course, mobile phones.

Clearly cheating in exams is wrong, no matter how major or minor the exam. If you did not get caught cheating, you would have to live with the fact that the grade you received was not a true reflection of your ability.

Do u wnt ur chldrn 2 spl lyk dis? 2 txt-spk or nt 2 txt-spk? Dat iz da Q. If you can read and understand these jumbled words, then congratulations! You are among a small percentage of adults who can decode ‘text-speak’. When written in perfect English, the sentences should read: “Do you want your children to spell like this? To text-speak or not to text-speak? That is the question.”

Text-speak is the mobile phone text message language used by today’s teenagers. This popular language, which spread from mobile phones to the Internet, has now contaminated classrooms and examination halls and caused outrage after New Zealand’s Qualifications Authority (NZQA) allowed children to use ‘text-speak’ in exams.

Children in the United Kingdom will be affected by this downfall of the English language. Examination boards in the United Kingdom, such as Edexcel, and the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) are in support of students using text-speak in exams.

Students will be given credit for ideas they express in exams if they use phrases such as ‘2 b or nt 2 b’ and ‘I luv u’. “It would be much too harsh not to give credit for knowledge and attainment that is expressed in bad language,” says an SQA spokesperson. Students who do not use text-speak may think this is unfair, but they should not worry. Examination boards are encouraging students to write their answers in perfect English by giving them more marks.

Emmah Geraghty, a prospective teacher, does not agree with the use of text-speak. “Being competent in English is a major factor when it comes to employment. Text-speak will ultimately make a mockery of the English language. It encourages children to become lazy,” she says.

Political leaders are also against the change made by examination boards. “No wonder employers are complaining about the lack of skills in school leavers, when students are allowed to pass their exams using text language,” says Murdo Fraser, deputy leader of the Scottish Conservatives. “You wonder what future there is for grammar and high standards of English usage when this kind of thing is allowed to go on.”

What really matters is how the students feel. They are the ones who will be directly affected by this change. “You’ll just be able to get your ideas out quicker. You can get through the exam so much faster,” says Cathy Adank, a Year 11 student at Avonside Girls’ High School in New Zealand. But not all students share this view.

“I am outraged at this change in school examinations. Text-speak is bad enough when used in a text message. I would also like to point out that by using text-speak, students will have to write more in essays to reach the required word count,” says Liz Shaw, an art student from London.

The Language Report, published in October 2006, is the annual update on the English language. It contains more than 500 words being considered for the next edition of the Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Among the 500 words is 2006’s word of the year, ‘bovvered’, created by comedian Catherine Tate. Text-speak and words such as ‘bovvered’ reflect the United Kingdom’s present social state, which is not something to be proud of.

Change and development of the English language is inevitable. English has evolved a great deal since the days of Shakespeare, but the acceptance of text-speak in exams is utterly ridiculous and by no means evolutionary. Authorities seem to be trying to ‘dumb down’ the English language and jeopardise the future of our children.

Most parents do not want their children to develop the bad habit of using text-speak academically, but it is unlikely that examination boards will back down and ban text-speak in the near future. So for those of you not familiar with text-speak, it is time to gt dwn wit da kidz and start learning to spell lyk dis. Lol!

Adèle Fuller, 60, is a self-employed child therapist with a Master’s degree in Therapeutic Childcare. She has two children: Gareth, 38 and Sarah, 36. She lives in Berkshire with her husband David, 57, and their two dogs, Freddie and Flynn.

I’m usually woken up by sunlight shining through the curtains and the sound of the birds outside. David wakes up at a really unearthly hour, about 5.30am, which of course wakes me up at times as well. I’m not a very good sleeper. Once I start thinking about the day ahead of me I usually can’t get back to sleep.

The very first thing I do in the morning is feed and brush Freddie and Flynn, our Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. They are so adorable, but they cost a mint when they go to the vet.

It’s really daft, but I never used to have breakfast. I’ve been a Weight Watcher for the last few years so I know how important it is to have breakfast. On a normal weekday I have Marmite on toast and watch the news. I don’t have orange juice, but I have a cup of tea and drink lots of water throughout the day. When I haven’t got to go out early, I’ll have a boiled egg and Marmite soldiers, which is a treat.

In the land of the living I like to be downstairs and ready to leave the house by 9am. I have to be focused before I go out to do a session with a child. In my mind I have a plan about what I’m going to do and the different toys I might need for each child. I drive to work, but I don’t usually have to go very far.

I work with children who have difficult lives. They may be in foster care, being bullied at school, or sexually, physically or emotionally abused at home. Because I am self-employed, schools and social services contact me and ask me to help children, usually when social services’ own therapists are not available. Occasionally parents will have seen my name on the internet and personally ask me to help their child with any problems they may be having, because no one else has been able to help them.

The main way that I work with children is by using play therapy. I call these sessions my play and chat sessions. Play therapy is a very natural means of communication for children. I will go in and see a girl or a boy and if they are very young I will use play. I’ll take in puppets, board games, dressing up clothes, all kinds of things.

My day can vary. In the morning I could be seeing a six-year old who may have been abused by her family, and by the afternoon I could be seeing a teenager who wants to talk about nothing but boys, music and fashion. I have days where I’m doing quite a lot from hour to hour, and on other days I may not being doing so much contact work, but I’ll have reports to write at home, or meetings to attend with social services.

My friends think that because I work from home I’m there to just have a coffee and a good old chat. I don’t answer the telephone when they call. I can hear them on the answer phone asking me to pick up, or knocking on the door because they can see my car outside. I’m a really nervy person. Friends have come round through the back gate as I’ve been working, and they’ve made me shriek by putting their faces up against the patio window.

I fit lunch in around where I happen to be. If I’m at home I usually get hungry at about midday. For lunch I like corn on the cob, or a toasted sandwich with a bowl of tomato soup. At the moment my favourite food is pineapple. I cut up a pineapple and put it in the fridge so it’s really nice and cold.

I’ve been self-employed since 1991 and I still charge the same price for each session now as I did then. It probably seems incredibly stupid, but it means that I can see a child for a year instead of just six months. I’m still going to get money for those sessions, but that child has my input for that much longer.

The number of sessions that I do with a child, on average, is usually not less than three months. They can go on for over a year. It can take quite a long time to get to the situation where a child or young person can trust me enough to be able to feel relaxed in what they’re doing and saying.

I do find my job stressful at times and I sometimes feel that there is a lot of weight on my shoulders. Watching somebody else’s pain is not very easy when it’s a young person. You have got to be really strong. But it is a very rewarding job and there are a lot of happy stories. It’s not all doom and gloom. People say to me ‘How can you do your job? Aren’t you sitting there crying all the time?’, and the answer is ‘no’. If I was like that I wouldn’t be doing this job and I wouldn’t be any good to the children I work with. I chose not to retire because I enjoy my job so much.

I worked with one little boy for two years after he had been in and out of foster placements. When he was finally adopted, his adoptive parents threw him back in the pool because they couldn’t cope with him. By the end of the two years that I was seeing him, he had normalised and become a very well balanced and fairly happy young man. I had the pleasure and privilege of seeing him in later years and he was doing really well. It was amazing to think that I’d worked with him for all that time and people had thought that he would never make anything of himself.

I arrive home from work at 5.30pm and record a report of the day’s session, which can take a couple of hours. I’m a stickler for recording. Each recording includes the aim of the session, in other words, why I was doing that session and what I intended to find out that day. This is known as a process recording. It’s really quite detailed. I try to remember as much as I can from each session: what we did, what they said, how it went.

When I write my main report, which is every six to eight sessions, I will use the recordings as a basis for the report. I know that my recordings of the sessions are very accurate, so I feel confident about the accuracy of the main report. A lot of therapists don’t bother. They’ll write a few notes here and there and try to remember the sessions a few weeks later. That is not the way I work. I think it’s really wrong to do that.

I might’ve only seen one adult all day because I’m always around children, so I want a decent conversation when I get home. This can be difficult when David comes back from a busy day at work and wants peace and quiet.

I’m not a hermit type of person. I like where we live at the moment because it’s a village, but a busy village. The house and street itself are fairly quiet. I like the thought of not being miles away from civilisation. I like being around people.

I always make dinner when I come home. A typical meal would be pasta with fresh tomato and chilli sauce, or I might make lentils and rice. I don’t have a sweet tooth so I very rarely have dessert.

David never cooks. We’re both vegetarians, but I eat fish. I love fish. Every now and again I get so annoyed because David doesn’t like fish, so I tell him that I’m going to have fish for dinner and he can make his own meal. He makes out that he’s so desperately silly regarding cooking that I’ll feel sorry for him and give in and cook.

Some evenings David and I have friends over for dinner, or we’ll go to watch a play or a ballet inLondon. I used to do ballet, but not at this age. You wouldn’t want to see me bouncing around like the Sugar Plum Fairy elephant. The Nutcracker is probably my favourite ballet.

I really find it quite difficult to relax. By the time I’ve got to the relaxing stage, I’m absolutely shattered. I love painting and drawing, but I have to be in the mood and have enough time to do it. I’ve just had my latest painting framed. I also write poems and short stories. I’ve always wanted to write a children’s book. I don’t have time to write an awful lot though. I read before I go to sleep at 10pm to get myself into a relaxed mode, so my eyes get tired and I can fall asleep easily.